Can Dna Be Found In Blood Cleaned With Ammonia
(2018). Event OF SOME CLEANING PRODUCTS ON Claret Deoxyribonucleic acid RETRIEVAL FROM Fabric. The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Practical Toxicology, 18(2), 53-66. doi: 10.21608/ejfsat.2018.16992
. "Effect OF SOME CLEANING PRODUCTS ON Blood Dna RETRIEVAL FROM CLOTH". The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology, 18, two, 2022, 53-66. doi: 10.21608/ejfsat.2018.16992
(2018). 'EFFECT OF SOME CLEANING PRODUCTS ON BLOOD Deoxyribonucleic acid RETRIEVAL FROM CLOTH', The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Practical Toxicology, 18(ii), pp. 53-66. doi: x.21608/ejfsat.2018.16992
Upshot OF SOME CLEANING PRODUCTS ON BLOOD DNA RETRIEVAL FROM CLOTH. The Egyptian Periodical of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology, 2022; 18(ii): 53-66. doi: 10.21608/ejfsat.2018.16992
Event OF SOME CLEANING PRODUCTS ON BLOOD Dna RETRIEVAL FROM Cloth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commodity 5, Volume 18, Issue 2, June 2022, Folio 53-66  PDF (910.81 Chiliad) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Document Type: Original Article | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2018.16992 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstruse The ability to extract DNA and PCR amplification from biological stains is a key element in forensic genetics. Attempts to remove blood stains using different types of cleaning methods represent a routinely faced forensic trouble. Objective: This work was washed to evaluate the effect of some cleaning products on the quantity and quality of extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid from bloodstained cloth. Methods: Blood samples were applied to cotton and silk cloth. Subsequently drying, the cloth was subjected to the effect of some cleaning products {Clorox (bleach), Dettol (disinfectant), Persil (detergent), Vanish (stain remover) and distilled water}. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were done to estimate the quantity and quality of extracted DNA by spectrophotometer and gel electrophoresis. Results: In that location was significant reduction in amount of extracted DNA from silk compared to cotton wool fabric in all samples including controls. Detectable amounts of DNA could be recovered afterwards amplification by PCR with all types of cleaning agents. Cleaning with Vanish resulted in about significant decrease in recovered DNA corporeality, while cleaning with Clorox resulted in highest recovery of Deoxyribonucleic acid in both cotton and silk cloth. Gel electrophoresis showed that Clorox, Persil and distilled water had no effect on quality of extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid compared to control samples in cotton fiber textile, while Vanish and Dettol had the nearly degraded effect. In silk cloth the quality of DNA was affected in all samples mostly with Vanish and Persil. Conclusion: Dna could be recovered from cloth afterwards exposure to different types of cleaning products. Fundamental words: Bloodstains, Cleaning products, Dna. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Key words: Bloodstains; Cleaning products; DNA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| EFFECT OF SOME CLEANING PRODUCTS ON BLOOD DNA RETRIEVAL FROM CLOTH Hayam Z. Thabeti, Nagwa Grand. Ghandour1*, Ragaa H. Salama 2 Section of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicologyi, Department of Medical Biochemistry2. Faculty of Medicine - Assiut University, Arab republic of egypt * Corresponding author: N. Ghandour, n_ghandour10@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The ability to extract Dna and PCR amplification from biological stains is a key element in forensic genetics. Attempts to remove blood stains using different types of cleaning methods represent a routinely faced forensic problem. Objective: This work was done to evaluate the outcome of some cleaning products on the quantity and quality of extracted Dna from bloodstained cloth. Methods: Claret samples were applied to cotton and silk cloth. After drying, the cloth was subjected to the effect of some cleaning products {Clorox (bleach), Dettol (disinfectant), Persil (detergent), Vanish (stain remover) and distilled water}. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were done to approximate the quantity and quality of extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid by spectrophotometer and gel electrophoresis. Results: There was pregnant reduction in corporeality of extracted DNA from silk compared to cotton fabric in all samples including controls. Detectable amounts of Dna could be recovered subsequently amplification past PCR with all types of cleaning agents. Cleaning with Vanish resulted in almost significant subtract in recovered Dna corporeality, while cleaning with Clorox resulted in highest recovery of DNA in both cotton wool and silk fabric. Gel electrophoresis showed that Clorox, Persil and distilled water had no effect on quality of extracted DNA compared to command samples in cotton fabric, while Vanish and Dettol had the most degraded result. In silk cloth the quality of Dna was afflicted in all samples mostly with Vanish and Persil. Decision: Deoxyribonucleic acid could exist recovered from cloth after exposure to different types of cleaning products. Key words: Bloodstains, Cleaning products, Dna. INTRODUCTION Claret, as a physical clue institute in many violence cases, has the capacity to provide valuable intelligent evidence for forensic purposes and crime reconstruction (Passi et al., 2022). The retrieval of DNA from blood stained material provides evidence that tin can link a criminal or the victim with the scene of crime (Peschel et al., 2022). Deoxyribonucleic acid techniques are the most avant-garde tools for man identification. During the by years, a great number of methods for DNA extraction and typing had been introduced into forensic science, with considerable success (van Oorshot et al., 2022). In forensic molecular genetic analysis, the utilise of new, sensitive PCR-Multiplex-Kits are suitable for low copy number Deoxyribonucleic acid and lead to valuable Deoxyribonucleic acid profiles fifty-fifty in invisible samples (Castelló et al., 2022), or in cases that seemed to be hopeless a few years ago (Kamphausen et al.,2015). Sometimes, criminals try to avert leaving show at the crime scene past washing away bloodstains past a variety of cleaning agents, simply fortunately they go out traces on the surfaces, which may be invisible to the naked eye (Castelló et al., 2009). A wide variety of cleaning chemicals may exist used, they may cause potential contamination of the biological fabric with subsequent Dna content deposition, and so, makes the production of a conclusive evidence difficult (Creamer et al., 2005 and Harris et al., 2006 ). The present work was conducted to evaluate the outcome of some cleaning products on the quantity and quality of extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid from bloodstained textile. Cloth & METHODS This work was conducted in the Central Laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture & Molecular biological science Research Unit of measurement. Assiut University. Egypt. Materials
i- Clorox (commercial household chlorine bleach). 2- Dettol (Disinfectant). 3- Vanish (Stain remover). iv- Persil powder (Detergent).
Methods
Cotton fiber and silk fabrics were sourced from a local textile store. Each fabric was cut into squares (2× 2 cm for each) on lab counter using gloves and autoclaved scissors. Five hundred µL of venous blood from the same donor, non subjected to any form of anticoagulant, was added to each slice of material, allowed to dry for 48 hours at room temperature, then kept in dry paper envelope (de Almeida et al., 2022 and Passi et al., 2022).
Blood-stained pieces of cotton textile were grouped from one to 7 (i: + ve control samples, 2: -ve unstained control samples, 3: Clorox treated samples, 4: Dettol treated samples, 5: Vanish treated samples, half-dozen: Persil treated samples and vii: Distilled Water treated samples). Blood-stained pieces of silk material were grouped from viii to xiv (eight: + ve control samples, 9: -ve unstained command samples, 10: Clorox treated samples, 11: Dettol treated samples, 12: Vanish treated samples, 13: Persil treated samples and 14: Distilled Water treated samples). Each group was presented by three samples. The composition and source of cleaning products were listed in Tabular array (1). Each sample was put in a separate canteen containing 5 ml of the tested cleaning agents prepared according to manufacturer'south instructions. The sample was shaken by (BLBBY Orbital shaker, Stuart scientific, fabricated in U.k.) for 150 Revolutions/min (rpm) for 10 min. Then left to dry at room temperature without whatever protection equally described by Harris et al. (2006). Tabular array (ane): List for composition and source of cleaning products used.
three. DNA extraction: First, each fabric was soaked with 100 µl of deionized water for a minimum of 1day. The substrate was then placed into a spin basket and centrifuged for xv minutes to obtain the sample (Spear and Khoshkebari, 2001 and Choi et al., 2022). Extraction was done using the Patho Gene-spinTM Deoxyribonucleic acid/RNA Extraction Kit (iNtRON Biotechnology. Made in Korea).Lot. No. 11650150. Cat. No.17154 according to manufacturer's guidelines. First, past adding 300 µl of the Lysis Buffer to 100µl of the sample, mixing past vortex for15 seconds, incubate at room temperature overnight. Then 300µl of Binding Buffer, consummate mix well past gentle vortex and place a spin column in a ii ml collection tube. Load lysates on the column and centrifuge at 13.000 rpm for one min. Discard solution in collection tube and place the column dorsum in the same 2ml collection tube. Add together 500µl of Washing Buffer A to the column and centrifuge at 13.000 rpm for i min. Discard solution in collection tube and place the cavalcade back in the aforementioned 2ml collection tube. Add 500µl of Washing Buffer B to the column and centrifuge at 13.000 rpm for 1 min. Discard solution in collection tube and place the column dorsum in the same 2ml collection tube. Centrifuge for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. Identify the column in an RNase-free1.five ml microcentrifuge tube and add 30µl of Elution Buffer directly on the spin column membrane. Lastly, incubate at room temperature for 1 min and centrifuge for 1 min at 13.000 rpm (Intronbio, 2022). iv. Quantitation of extracted Dna: Afterwards extraction, quantity of extracted DNA is estimated by spectrophotometry. DNA concentration of each sample was measured past using the GeneQuant II Full-spectrum Spectrophotometer (GeneQuant 1300 - 80-2015-98, Serial No: 76923. Made in Sweden). The concentration of Deoxyribonucleic acid extracted was assessed at 260 nm and 280 nm. The ratio between the reading at 260 and 280 nm (OD 260/280) provided an estimation of purity of Deoxyribonucleic acid.
PCR amplification of random segments of genomic Dna with single primer of arbitrary nucleotide sequence is performed to check the intactness of the DNA (Shams et al., 2022). The major reward of RAPD includes that, it does not require any specific knowledge of the DNA sequence of the target gene. Not bad diagnostic ability due to vast range of potential primers can exist used. Reproducible RAPD bands can be establish by careful option of primers, optimization of PCR condition for target species and replication to ensure that simply reproducible bands are scored. (Kumari and Thakur, 2022). PCR was carried out with a Fast Gene Kit for Existent-Time PCR System using the manufacturer's recommendation (made in Germany). The total reaction volume was 25 µl. Each tube contained two µl dNTPs Mix (2.5mM each), two µl of primer (Opc-eighteen v'-TGAGTGGGTG-iii'),0.3 µl Taq Dna polymerase (5U /µl) ,2 µl Mgclii (25mM), 1µl of Deoxyribonucleic acid template (50 ng) and 17 µl distension-grade h2o .The amplification was done using BIORAD Thermal Cycler C1000 (Serial no cc008315, Singapore).The cycling protocol was: an initial denaturation at 95 ºC for four min followed by 35 cycles of 94 ºC for thirty s, 35 ºC for 45 s, and 72 ºC for 60 s, and a final extension at 72 ºC for 10 min. The PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 1% Ethidium Bromide stained agarose gels in Trisborate- EDTA (TBE) buffer. Five microleter (5 µl) of the sample was mixed with 2µl gel loading dye and was loaded into the wells of submerged gel. The gel was immune to run for half an hour at lxxx V, and was visualized and photographed with a (Bio-RAD) Gel documentation system (BIORAD, USA) with serial No 1708169 (Dissing et al., 2022 and Phillips et al., 2022). Unmarried, large, sharp, unified, clearly recognizable ring indicated skilful quality of extracted DNA. While smear, brusque, sheared band indicated degraded poor quality, as described by Shams et al. (2011) and Passi et al. (2012).
This research was approved by The Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine-Assiut University (Ref code: 17300077). It dealt only with author'southward blood sample.
The data collected were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version twenty.0) software. Chicago, U.s.. P value was prepare at <0.05 for significant results . RESULTS The macroscopic appearance of samples was demonstrated in Figure (i). Considerable amount of claret residues could still be noticed in cotton cloth samples, while the color was nearly faded in silk textile samples.
The absorbance of DNA at 260 and 280 nm in different samples were measured. It ranged betwixt i.08 -2 that indicated that the extracted DNA was free from protein contamination. The Quantity of extracted DNA (ng/μl) from samples (cotton fiber and silk) was expressed as Mean ± SE as shown in Table (two). Table (2) and Figure (2) prove that there is highly meaning decrease (P ≤ 0.001) of corporeality of extracted DNA in cotton samples compared to silk samples in all groups including control. The amount of extracted DNA from cotton samples is shown in Figure (three). It is observed that there is highly significant decrease (P ≤ 0.001) in the amount of extracted DNA in all treated group samples compared to +ve control grouping. Dna amount is (45.70 ng/μl ±0.38) in +ve control group, (39.17ng/μl ±0.15) in Clorox treated group, (29.90 ng/μl ±0.21) in Dettol treated group, (xix.83 ng/μl ±0.27) in Vanish treated grouping, (34.twenty ng/μl±0.53) in Persil treated group and (32.83 ng/μl ±0.80) in Distilled H2o treated grouping. Vanish is shown to have the highest cleaning effect, indicated by the decreased amount of extracted DNA from cotton cloth, while Clorox is the least effective one. The amount of extracted Dna from silk samples is shown in Figure (4). Information technology is observed that there is highly meaning decrease (P ≤ 0.001) in the corporeality of extracted Dna in all treated group samples compared to +ve command group. DNA amount is (27.57 ng/μl ±0.52 ) in +ve control group, (19.ninety ng/μl ±0.06) in Clorox treated grouping, (18.lxxx ng/μl±0.44) in Dettol treated grouping, (10.13 ng/μl ±0.19) in Vanish treated group, (15.thirteen ng/μl±0.24) in Persil treated group and (xiv.60 ng/μl±0.35) in Distilled H2o treated group. Vanish also is shown to accept the highest cleaning effect, indicated by the decreased amount of extracted DNA from silk fabric, while Clorox is the least effective one.
The quality of the isolated Dna used in PCR amplification reaction in agarose gel electrophoresis is demonstrated in Fig. (v) and (6). The size of PCR product of all the samples has been analyzed by making a comparison with 3000 bp marker ladder. Gel electrophoresis of blood samples extracted from cotton wool fabric, as shown in Fig. (5), reveals that in Clorox, Persil and Distilled h2o treated samples, no degradation are observed. Integrated Deoxyribonucleic acid (large and clearly recognizable bands) is indicative of intact DNA. Comparatively, shearing of DNA has been observed with both Vanish and Dettol treated samples, which is indicative of degraded Deoxyribonucleic acid. Gel electrophoresis of silk cloth, equally shown in Fig. (six), reveals sick-defined shearing of Deoxyribonucleic acid bands in Clorox, Dettol and Distilled water treated samples. Poor yield of DNA have been observed in both Vanish and Persil treated samples. Effigy (1) Macroscopic appearance of samples showing: + ve control (Blood stained) samples: sample (i) cotton wool textile and sample (8) silk cloth. -ve control (unstained) samples: sample (2) cotton material and sample (9) silk textile. Clorox treated samples: sample (3) cotton cloth and sample (x) silk cloth. Dettol treated samples: sample (iv) cotton cloth and sample (eleven) silk textile. Vanish treated samples: sample (5) cotton fiber cloth and sample (12) silk material. Persil treated samples: sample (6) cotton textile and sample (13) silk cloth. Distilled Water treated samples: sample (7) cotton textile and sample (xiv) silk textile. Table (2): The Quantity of extracted DNA (ng/μl) from samples (cotton fiber and silk)
Values are presented as mean (hateful of 3 samples for each group) ± SE. Meaning compared cotton fiber versus silk samples *** statistically pregnant deviation (p<0.001) Pregnant compared to +ve control grouping ### statistically meaning difference (p<0.001) Figure (2) Comparing of DNA quantification (cotton wool versus silk) in all group samples. *** Statistically significant departure (p<0.001) Figure (3): Comparing of DNA quantification in cotton fiber fabric samples of all groups ### Statistically significant difference (p<0.001) as compared to +ve control Fig (4) Comparison of Dna quantification in silk cloth samples of all groups ### Statistically significant departure (p<0.001) every bit compared to +ve control Effigy (5): i% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with Etidium bromide showing PCR production of distension of cotton cloth samples of all groups (M=3000bp molecular weight ladder). Effigy (6): 1% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with Etidium bromide showing PCR product of distension of silk material samples of all groups (G=3000bp molecular weight ladder). Discussion Bloodstain identification is of immense value in criminal offence scene reconstruction, discovering of guilty, and innocence release (Soares-vieira et al., 2001). In human being, claret is the most of import material available for the isolation of DNA (Lounsbury et al., 2022). Criminals take precautions to leave minimal trace prove, or even destroy it completely (Elder et al., 2022). Intended attempt to remove whatever biological fabric, using dissimilar cleaning products, is a routinely faced problem by forensic scientists. The ability of extraction and PCR amplification of DNA from biological stains is a cardinal element in Forensic Genetics and is frequently inquired by the law enforcement authorities (Dissing et al., 2022). Due to technical comeback, fifty-fifty poor traces, which seemed to be unsuitable for DNA assay a few years agone, may be amplified successfully today (Harisaranraj et al., 2009 and Kamphausen et al., 2022). Mod laundry agents include a diverseness of ingredients aimed to increment laundering effectiveness. These ingredients may be i of the following categories: bleach (oxygen or chlorine), enzymes, surfactants (chemical removal of stains), builders, colorants, fragrances, and specializing components (Bajpai and Tyagi, 2007). These ingredients hydrolyze poly peptide molecules and further crusade degradation of bloodstains (Oldfield et al., 2022). Significant damage or alteration to the principal molecular structure of DNA is problematic with subsequent prevention of distension, and therefore analysis of target loci (Ambers et al., 2022). The present work was an experimental study designed to evaluate the result of some cleaning products on the quantity and quality of extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid from bloodstained textile. Many Factors tin can cause failure or inhibition of PCR amplification include extraction technique, technical difficulties , inadequate specimen volume, also as, the substrates on which the claret is supported (Houston et al., 2022). Dyes, or other water-soluble components may be constitute in fabrics and act as inhibitory reagents, which require specific methodologies for elimination of these contaminants from forensic samples (Scheithauer and Weisser, 1991). The present experiment was washed on white cotton and silk cloth, as they are the most common fibers used in clothes, to facilitate the macroscopic cess and to avoid any PCR inhibitory components nowadays in cloth (sample or control). They were considered "platonic" past Soares-Vieira et al. (2001), who constitute fewer difficulties in DNA extraction and absenteeism of amplification- inhibitory reagents. Documenting the macroscopic image afterwards washing was demonstrated in this study. Considerable amount of claret residues could notwithstanding be noticed in cotton pieces, while the color was nearly faded in silk pieces of cloth .This was in agreement with Elderberry et al. (2017) who stated that cotton fiber fabrics had the worst cleaning results; blood residues could still be found on done material samples. Regarding the quantity of extracted Dna in this study, the amounts of recovered DNA from silk cloth was highly meaning lower than cotton cloth in all groups including control. This coincide with Mona et al. (2011), who estimated maximum DNA recovery from cotton wool textile, followed by silk material. As status and cleaning substances were same, this quantitative differences was due to the fabric chemic structure. Because, O–H groups of cotton fiber are capable of formation of strong hydrogen bonds with nucleic acrid chains resulting in powerful intermolecular attractions (Seah et al., 2004; Linacre et al., 2022 and Elder et al., 2022). Regarding cleaning materials used in the current experiment, {Clorox (bleach), Dettol (disinfectant), Persil (detergent), Vanish (stain remover) and distilled water}. Clorox is a mutual household bleach. It degrades DNA through oxidative damage and the production of chlorinated base products. Information technology is frequently used to remove claret from crime scenes (Cárdenas Flores et al., 2009 and Passi et al., 2022). Dettol® (C8HixOCl); four-Chloro-3, five-dimethylphenol; para-Chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX) is an antiseptic and disinfectant. Information technology works by disruption of the cell wall and stopping the part of enzymes (Digison, 2007 and Mahon et al., 2022). Vanish is a popular ability stain fighter. Catalase enzyme in blood reported to react with vanish and produce water and oxygen, which attacks and breaks down the bloodstain (McKillop, 1995 and Reckitt Benckiser, 2022). Persil powder (sodium perborate and sodium silicate) contains stain-busting enzymes, which is effective in breaking down the protein, starches and fats often found in stains (Mahon et al., 2022). In the presented experiment, the upshot of the previous cleaning products on the quantity and quality of extracted DNA from bloodstained fabric was studied. There was highly significant decrease (p<0.001) of amount of extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid in all treated cotton and silk samples every bit compared to +ve control group. This was consequent with Houston et al. (2016) who stated that all used laundry additives, in their experiment, significantly reduced the recovery of DNA, though, it is non sufficient to prevent Deoxyribonucleic acid profiling using traditional forensic techniques. Also, Elder et al. (2017) ascertained that Dna could be extracted from all samples of the different textiles had been washed with usual laundry detergents. Regarding cleaning substances used in this study, Vanish was shown to have the highest cleaning effect, indicated by the decreased corporeality of extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid from cotton fabric, while Clorox was the least effective 1. Many studies had focused on sodium percarbonate (principal Vanish ingredient) as a laundry additive hindering the identification of bloodstains (Castelló et al., 2009 and Castelló et al., 2022). Regarding the quality of the isolated DNA used in PCR amplification reaction, gel electrophoresis of cotton cloth shown in this report, revealed that in Clorox, Persil and Distilled water treated samples, no degradation were observed. Integrated Deoxyribonucleic acid (large and clearly recognizable bands) was indicative of intact DNA. Comparatively, shearing of DNA had been observed with both Vanish and Dettol treated samples, which was indicative of degraded Dna. Gel electrophoresis of silk cloth revealed ill-defined shearing of DNA bands in Clorox, Dettol and Distilled water treated samples. Poor yield of DNA had been observed in both Vanish and Persil treated samples. This was in agreement with Harris et al. (2006) who plant appreciably high Dna quality despite the use of chlorinated and not-chlorinated cleaning agents used. They noticed that, in bleach treated materials the resultant profiles connected to decline in quality over fourth dimension, suggesting a connected degradation of the Dna. While, this was not seen in substrates cleaned with soap or not- chlorine disinfectant. Also as, Ambers et al. (2014) obtained good recovery of Dna from bleach (Clorox) exposed stains. But, they stated that exposure of Dna to increasingly higher concentrations of NaOCl will eventually cause cleavage of the strands, breaking the DNA into smaller pieces and eventually to private bases. Also, Passi et al., 2022 observed that bleaching agent adversely bear on the recovery of integrated Dna from the treated blood cells, every bit short and smeared PCR product had been observed in bleaching agent treated samples. Regarding stain removers, Castelló et al., 2022 observed certain Deoxyribonucleic acid degradation in stains existence treated with Neutrix (stain remover containing Na percarbonate every bit source of active oxygen). Notwithstanding, it had not hindered their subsequent amplification. In contrary of that Ambers et al., 2022 found minimal reduction (slight decrease) of Dna content with Oxi-clean (some other type of stain remover). Determination Elimination of claret traces in textiles is more difficult than generally believed. 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(2012): A comparison of methods for forensic DNA extraction: Chelex-100 and the QIAGEN Dna Investigator Kit (transmission and automated). Forensic Sci. Inter. Genet., 6(2):282–285. Reckitt Benckiser, (2013): Vanish is a registered merchandise mark of the Reckitt Benckiser grouping of companies. Cited in www.vanish.co.uk . (Accessed on 14/1/2018). Scheithauer, R. and Weisser, H.J. (1991): Modification of Deoxyribonucleic acid typing of blood stains by textile stain carriers. Beitr Gerichtl Med., 49:281–284. Seah, L.H.; Othman, Yard.I.; Jaya, P. and Jeevan, N.H.( 2004): DNA profiling on fabrics: an in-situ method. Inter. Cong. Ser., 1261: 565– 567. Shams, S.S.; Vahed, Z.Due south.; Soltanzad, F.; Kafil, 5.; Barzegari, A ., Atashpaz, S . and Barar, J . (2011): Highly effective Deoxyribonucleic acid extraction method from fresh, frozen, dried and clotted blood samples. BioImpacts, ane(three):183-187. Soares-Vieira, J.A.; Muñoz, D.R.; Iwamura, E.S.; de Almeida Cardoso, L. and Billerbeck, A.E. (2001): Analysis of DNA in infinitesimal volumes of blood from stains and crusts. Am. J Forensic Med. Path., 22(3):308–312. Spear, T. and Khoshkebari, N. (2001): Analysis of onetime biological samples: A report on the feasibility of obtaining body fluid identification and Dna typing results. California Criminalistics Plant (CCI), Sacramento. Available at: https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/cci/reference/oldstains.pdf (Accessed on 6/6/2017). van Oorshot, R.A.; Ballantyne, Thou.Due north. and Mitchell, R.J. (2010): Forensic trace DNA: a review. Invest. Genet., one(1):14-31. تأثیر بعض المنظفات على إسترجاع الحمض النووی للدم من القماش هیام زکریا ثابت 1 ، نجوى محمود غندور 1 * ، رجاء حمدى سلامة 2 1 قسم الطب الشرعى والسموم الإکلینیکیة، 2 قسم الکیمیاء الحیویة– کلیة الطب – جامعة أسیوط، مصر الملخص القدرة على إستخراج الحمض النووی و التضخیم بسلسلة تفاعل البولیمیراز من البقع البیولوجیة هو عنصر أساسی فی علم الوراثة الشرعی. المحاولات لإزالة بقع الدم باستخدام أنواع مختلفة من المنظفات تمثل مشکلة روتینیة تواجه الطب الشرعی . هذا العمل قد تم لتقییم تأثیر بعض منتجات التنظیف على کمیة وجودة الحمض النووی المستخرج من القماش الملطخ بالدماء. الطریقة: عینات الدم تم وضعها على القماش القطنی والحریری. بعد التجفیف, تم تعریض الأقمشة لتأثیر بعض منتجات التنظیف }کلوروکس (مبیض)، دیتول (مطهر)، بیرسیل (منظف)، فانیش (مزیل البقع) والماء المقطر{. إستخراج الحمض النووی و التضخیم بسلسلة تفاعل البولیمیراز تم عملهم لتقدیر کمیة وجودة الحمض النووی المستخرج بواسطة جهازى الطیف الضوئی والهلام الکهربائی. النتائج: کان هناک انخفاض ذو دلالة إحصائیة فی کمیة الحمض النووی المستخرج من قماش الحریر بالمقارنة بقماش القطن فی کل العینات متضمنة المجموعة الضابطة . کمیات ملحوظة من الحمض النووی أمکن استرجاعها بعد التضخیم بسلسلة تفاعل البولیمیراز مع کل أنواع المواد المنظفة. التنظیف بفانیش نتج عنه الإنخفاض الأکبر فی کمیة الحمض النووی المسترجع، فی حین التنظیف بالکلوروکس نتج عنه أعلى إسترجاع للحمض النووی فی کل من أقمشة القطن والحریر. الهلام الکهربائی أظهر أن الکلوروکس ، البیرسیل ، والماء المقطر لم یکن لهم أی تأثیر على جودة الحمض النووی مقارنة بالعینات الضابطة فی قماش القطن ، بینما الفانیش و الدیتول کان لهم أکثرتأثیر مدمر. فی قماش الحریروجد أن جودة الحمض النووی تأثرت فی کل العینات خاصة مع الفانیش و البیرسیل. الإستنتاج: الحمض النووی یمکن إسترجاعه من الأقمشة بعد التعرض لمختلف أنواع المواد المنظفة. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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